Blood Supply to the Muscles

The Physiology of Fitness Assignment 1 Helpsheet Step 1 You need to introduce your assignment, here I would define two key terms for the entire of this assignment these are chronic and acute. Example Answer There are many changes to the body during exercise; these can be classified as acute and chronic. Acute meaning they are short term and happen almost instantly with the onset of exercise. The other chronic is long term and allows the body to adapt its capabilities so therefore it can meet new demands in the future.Examples of these will be discussed in time through each one of these bodily systems: musculoskeletal, energy, respiratory and cardiovascular system. Step 2 At this stage of the assignment you need to look at the first body system of musculoskeletal. Here you need to identify all of the acute changes that take place within this system and then relate this to a sporting example. Some of the changes you need to discuss are: Increased blood supply, increase in muscle pliabi lity, increased range of movement and muscle fibre micro tears.Example Answer Increases the range of movement – when we start to exercise the movements of our joints means that synovial fluid starts to secrete within the joints. The fluid becomes less viscous and therefore the range of movement within the joint increases. An example of this in sport is the need for a warm up for a butterfly swimmer. So they can get the full range of movement at the shoulder joint that area has to be warmed up prior to the race. Step 3Keeping the musculoskeletal changes in mind you now need to discuss the chronic responses, these are: hypertrophy, increase in tendon strength, increase in myoglobin stores, increase in muscle strength, increase in tolerance to lactic acid, increase in bone calcium stores, increased stretch of ligaments, increased thickness of hyaline cartilage and increased production of synovial fluid. Example Answer Increased production of synovial fluid – as mentioned previously the movements stimulate the secretion of synovial fluid.With regular exercise this fluid on initial release is less viscous and the range of movement at the joint increases as connective tissue improves its flexibility. An example in sport is a high jumper. Over a prolonged period of training their knee joint in particular will take a lot of strain, this repetitive strain will allow for the knee joint to increase synovial fluid production as the jump can not e performed without the knee joint. Step 4 You now need a new side heading of energy systems and at this stage we will talk about the acute responses of the energy system.You need to discuss each of the three energy systems and how they initially respond to exercise. Example Answer Creatine Phosphate System – When exercise intensity is high, or energy needs are immediate, Creatine phosphate stored in the muscle is broken down to provide energy to make ATP. When the high energy bond in Phosphocreatine is broken, the energy it releases is used to resynthesise ATP. Explosive work can be achieved but for only short periods at maximum intensity.An example of this would be triple jump, if the athlete needs immediate energy this system is used, as the sport will last up to 10 seconds on completion of each jump it can not wait for energy from the Lactic Acid system. Step 5 In this section you need to discuss the chronic changes which apply to the energy system, you need to discuss in particular the aerobic system but also make specific reference to an increase in aerobic and anaerobic enzymes and increased use of fats as an energy source. Example AnswerIncreased use of fats as an energy source – Fat oxidation increases if exercise extends to long periods, as glycogen levels deplete. This is particularly prevalent to marathon runners. These athletes will burn of the glycogen in the carbohydrates digested and will need another source of energy to refer to this is where fats are then used. St ep 6 Under the side heading of respiratory you need to discuss the acute changes in this system. You will need to mention the following changes: increased breathing rate and increased tidal volume as well as many others.Example Answer Increased breathing rate – due to the fact the working muscles require energy during exercise the brain sends signals to increase the breathing rate. This increase in breathing rate allows for more oxygen to be taken in and then delivered to the working muscles. It also allows for the waste products to be exhaled much quicker. An example of this is a footballer will gradually increase their breathing rate the longer the game lasts and the more that the muscles demand oxygen to fulfil physical movements. Step 7You now need to discuss the chronic changes to the respiratory system again relating them to sport to show understanding; you need to include the following: increased vital capacity, increase in minute ventilation, increased strength of res piratory muscles and increase in oxygen diffusion rate. Example Answer Increased strength of respiratory muscles – like any muscle the more that it is worked the greater it’s strength, therefore the same can be said of the intercostals muscles of the chest cavity, due to the increased work load in breathing they become more efficient allow for greater expansion of the chest.An example of this would be a tour de France cyclist. Due to the intense nature of the event there chest capacity will have to increase to meet the constant demands. Step 8 Under the side heading of cardiovascular system you will now need to discuss the acute changes to this system giving sporting examples. The following changes will need to be discussed: Heart rate anticipatory response, activity response, increased blood pressure, vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Example AnswerVasoconstriction – this is where the blood vessels decrease in diameter to restrict the flow of blood to an area of the body which does not need the blood supplies as much as another area. An example of this is a boxer, here due to the repetitive punching from the fighter the arms and upper body needs the blood to allow for regular movement, the legs receive less. This is why when a fighter is knocked down commentators sometimes say â€Å"his legs have gone† this is because of a lack of oxygen as it has all gone to the upper body and brain. Step 9 Finally you need to talk about the chronic change to the cardiovascular system.This area is vast and needs a lot of detail. The changes you will need to discuss include: cardiac hypertrophy, increase in stroke volume, cardiac output, resting heart rate, capillarisation, blood volume, blood pressure, recovery time and aerobic fitness. Example Answer Decreased resting heart rate – this is a chronic change because the heart adapts and learns how to cope with the demands of extreme and intense workouts the more you exercise, this therefore means the normal everyday task do not apply as much strain to the body therefore not requiring the heart to increase blood supply to the areas of the body that are working.

Health Care Policy Issue- Stem Cell

Policy Topic: Stem Cell Research Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future: HCS/455 A very controversial subject in the United States has been Stem Cell research. The United States has a very complicated legal and political history when Stem Cell laws and policies come into play. Scientifically speaking, the practice of stem cell research and treatments consists of the use of cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. There are two different types of stem cells, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells, each come from different places.The difference is that adult stem cells are derived from mature body tissue (bone, marrow, umbilical cord, etc. ) and embryonic stem cells are derived from human embryos. The argument or controversy comes mainly from the way embryonic stem cells are obtained. During vitro fertilization a pregnant woman may choose to have an abortion in which the embryo dies (NIH, 2010). Many religious groups and bioethicists are against this practice because they b elieve this constitutes killing a potential human being.Researchers have countered these people, saying that the embryo would have been destroyed anyway and the stem cells that live on may have the potential to save lives indirectly through research and directly through therapy (NIH, 2010). Before 2009 the Stem Cell policy in the United States was heavily regulated by a bill President Bush put into place that banned federal funding of research using new stem cell lines in 2001. To be clear, there has never been a law State or Federal that banned stem cell research in the United States, but only placed restrictions on funding and use under Congresses power to spend.In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been tasked with creating and enforcing guidelines that pertain to stem cell research and treatments. These guidelines created by NIH are backed by federal law. The NIH has published these guidelines known as â€Å"National Institutes Guidelines for Human S tem Cell Research. † These guidelines can be summarized as a set of policies and procedures under which the NIH will fund such research, and help ensure that NIH-funded research in this area is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in accordance with applicable law. President Barack H.Obama issued Executive Order 13505: Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells on March 9, 2009 which succeeded over President Bush’s executive order that created barriers for the research of stem cells. President Obama addressed the public saying (The White House, 2011): â€Å"Today, with the Executive Order I am about to sign, we will bring the change that so many scientists and researchers; doctors and innovators; patients and loved ones have hoped for, and fought for, these past eight years: we will lift the ban on federal funding for promising embryonic stem cell research.We will vigorously support scientists who pursue this research. And we will aim for America to lead the world in the discoveries it one day may yield. † Instantly one should notice that the stakeholders involved in stem cell research is very broad, from patient to researchers anyone who is concerned with the advancement of stem cell research is be considered as a stakeholder in stem cell policies and research. Stakeholders are individuals or groups in a society who are directly involved with or indirectly affected by the development of stem cell research.President Obama did a great job addressing all the stakeholders in his speech. Specifically, one could say patients are the largest benefactor or stakeholder in stem cell research policies. These patient groups are in alignment with the medical community which makes for the most visible of all stakeholders in stem cell research. Motivation is driven by promises of cures and treatments for diseases made by medical professionals, scientists and researchers. Reference Lee, Jesse. (2 009). The White House: Signing of Stem Cell Executive Order.The White House. Retrieved from http://www. whitehouse. gov/blog/09/03/09/A-debt-of-gratitude-to-so-many-tireless-advocates/ NIH. (2011). Federal Policy. Retrieved from http://stemcells. nih. gov/policy NIH. (2011). National Institutes of Health Guidelines on Human Stem Cell Research. Retrieved from http://stemcells. nih. gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage. aspx? NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7bA604DCCE-2E5F-4395-8954-FCE1C05BECED%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2ffaqs%2easp&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#guide

Economic Environment Essay

We aim to provide the public with an effective and cheap solution in cleaning their clothes. We carry this out with a Triple-Action Laundry detergent which has an anti-bacteria content that also leaves the clothes clean, good as new and scented. Target Market Our target consumers are between the ages of 11 and 60 who can wash clothes and are responsible in choosing laundry detergents to use (cited in Phil48Girl, 2010). Our customers are normally member of the household and wash their own clothes. We consider not only the mother but everybody who needs their clothes clean and fragrant without spending a lot. Direct Competitors There are several laundry detergent brand manufacturers. But, only some are real companies. There are solo individuals that are also marketing in small towns. However, our product will speak for itself as it is very effective, very gentle to clothes and with adorable scent. We will also apply a door-to-door marketing strategy to introduce our product directly to our customers that other companies haven’t tried before. Political-Legal Environment We will manage to prepare legal papers and permits allowing us to do our marketing and productions on each place to avoid illegal problems. Social-Cultural Environment Social Medias like TV and radio, as well as, social networking online using Facebook and Twitter will be used as leverage. Our customers are well exposed to such Medias. Economic Environment Our product is immune with the economic crisis as we are offering it in a very low cost. Our customers are flexible and not affected as they need our product regularly. Technological Environment Our productions are well supported with generators for incidental loss of electricity. We also maintain substitute equipments when the manufacturing system is down. Summary The above analysis is reasonably confident enough to enter the actual market. Introducing the Triple-Action Laundry detergent, that is very affordable in price. There is a maximum range of prospect consumers in the market as everybody needs our product. Strategic marketing will be imposed as the company aim to reach more customers by bringing the product directly to their homes. The company will maintain the brand name in legal processes and will reach more people through social Medias and computer technology. We are also flexible to adjust technically in terms of economic and technological problems once occured. The above is a list of actions which needs to be executed properly, as a marketing plan with no reverberation of tactical foundation is useless (cited in Wikipedia, 2010). Considering the analysis of the different environment in this report brings out what to do and what should not be done during the process. Careful manipulation and management requires cooperation and good leadership to accomplish the goal. References: More Business (2010, March 26) Sample Marketing Pla. March 26, 2010, from www. morebusiness. com/templates_worksheets/bplans/printpre. brc Phil48Girl (2010, March 26) How to Teach Your Children to Wash Clothes. March 26,2010 from http://www. ehow. com/how_4693877_teach-children-wash-clothes. html Wikipedia (2010, March 26) Marketing Plan. March 26,2010 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marketing_plan

Distribution center, warehouse, and plant location Essay

Distribution center, warehouse, and plant location - Essay Example In order to know the number of people and their characteristics, census needs to be conducted in such areas. Although the information collected may vary, it still helps the distribution planners to know how to distribute their goods depending on the population size. Most organizations look at a number of characteristics that may affect labor. These factors may be appreciably related; for instance, the amount of the workforce may be directly comparative to wage rates. Transportation availability is an important aspect in facility location decisions. It may also influence the space cost and the availability of labor. Transport availability mostly depends on the kind of products that need to be transported. If the products are bulky, then a lorry can be used, but in case of light products a pickup can be used (Zvi and Hamacher 58). Facility relocation is when a plant is closed from an area where there is low demand to an area where the demand is high while facility closing is when a plant is closed permanently. The companies should form laws on how the employees should be paid if a plant is closed. In case of facility relocation, the wage rates should increase because the demand has also

Applied Information Technology Project Research Paper

Applied Information Technology Project - Research Paper Example The goal is for companies to minimize the potential for losses and maximize the use of limited resources for improvement. Risks are inherent and managing them will allow decision makers to provide sound strategies. Technological risks lead to a non?completion, under?performance the acquired product or service which likely is traced from supplier. Technological risks happen when suppliers fail to fulfill their promise of providing top notch product or service. Often suppliers encounter internal problems which include substandard technology, obsolete process or ineffective workforce. Companies often experience difficulty in shifting trajectories once a certain technology is used. This may create problems if the procurement takes place before competing technologies have been explored adequately. This risk should presumably be of particular relevance in procurement of products in the fluid phase (Utterback, 1994). Business Problem Statement This proposal explores on Hewlett-Packardâ€⠄¢s method of addressing supply chain issues using Procurement Risk Management (PRM). General Benefits Cost savings. The intention of developing a system such as PRM is to reduce cost of materials and other related costs. PRM is designed to provide flexible schemes that improve the planning and production processes. Moreover, PRM addresses pricing mechanisms that involve pricing and emphasizing value to the materials obtained from the suppliers. HP is involved in the production of materials to ensure that returns are reduced and quality is maintained. Supply availability. The level of supply needs to be maintained at levels that will sustain continuous business. The lack of supply is a big problem especially with firms that rely on such components. For technology manufacturers, memory chips are considered as the most volatile component in terms of supply. Most strategies involve signing long-term deals with suppliers including requirements such as marking clients as priority when su pply decreases. Cost prediction. Companies succeed because their cost forecasts are accurate hence cost planning is implemented. The proposed system aims to identify cost sources. Most important, unexpected costs are prevented and the results are met within the agreed budget. High Level Approaches Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) developed as a structured mechanism combining strategies, resources, technology, and knowledge to assess and manage the uncertainties that various enterprises face as value is being generated encounter (Hoffman, 2009). ERM facilitates effective management of risks that organizations encounter, and the management of potential opportunities entrenched in those risks. The main objectives of the Enterprise Risk Management approach can be summarized through these steps: measurable organizational goals have to be specified; organization has to determine the risks that can adversely affect the goals; methods need to be established to mitigate the risks (Francis an d Richards, 2007). Stebbing (1994) suggests some elements to be emphasized in creating quality manuals. These aspects include policy statement, authorities and responsibilities, organization, system element outlines, and list of procedures. To further ensure quality, the company has some lofty targets. By the time wherein the system has been deemed to be effective, the company will apply for an ISO certification. The recognition is concrete proof of the company’

Fundamental Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fundamental Rights - Essay Example The flow of information is realized through communication by means of speech between individuals, and various modes of expression. Communication in any given system is vital because it facilitates the conveyance of information that enables people carry out their daily activities efficiently and effectively. Freedoms of speech and expression are crucial elements that guarantee that a society flourishes in spheres of life existence for a nation’s population. The right to freedom of belief or religion is a fundamental principle, which allows people to hold beliefs, and carry out religious practices and rites that accompany their beliefs. It also allows individuals to choose what to believe in and determine their religious orientation. This is a vital component of individual liberties, which that function to auger people into strong religious backgrounds. Strong religious backgrounds facilitate the creation of sound morals that enable members of a society to live harmoniously and uphold other people’s rights and freedoms (Raskin & Spero 190). Religion fosters morals that are attributed to the recognition of individual rights and freedoms, and the creation of laws to protect them. Restriction of the right to freedom of religion and worship, for example, countries that have state religions; people of other religious orientations have their freedoms limited or restricted. This contributes to fostering of animosity between different religious groups because some feel that their religion is more deserving than the other groups. Freedom of religion and worship promotes development of good morals, which act as guiding principles in people’s lives. Good morals can... Communication in any given system is vital because it facilitates the conveyance of information that enables people carry out their daily activities efficiently and effectively. Freedoms of speech and expression are crucial elements that guarantee that a society flourishes in spheres of life existence for a nation’s population. The right to freedom of belief or religion is a fundamental principle, which allows people to hold beliefs, and carry out religious practices and rites that accompany their beliefs. It also allows individuals to choose what to believe in and determine their religious orientation. This is a vital component of individual liberties, which that function to auger people into strong religious backgrounds. Strong religious backgrounds facilitate the creation of sound morals that enable members of a society to live harmoniously and uphold other people’s rights and freedoms (Raskin & Spero 190). Religion fosters morals that are attributed to the recognition of individual rights and freedoms, and the creation of laws to protect them. Restriction of the right to freedom of religion and worship, for example, countries that have state religions; people of other religious orientations have their freedoms limited or restricted. This contributes to fostering of animosity between different rel igious groups because some feel that their religion is more deserving than the other groups. Freedom of religion and worship promotes development of good morals, which act as guiding principles in people’s lives. Good morals can replace laws in society because they foster harmony and respect for individual rights and freedoms. All religions of the world serve along similar dictates of preaching harmony among people and peace for all individuals.

Business Manangement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Manangement - Coursework Example Social responsibility improves public relations, companies that are socially responsible tend to be more prolific as they can attract productive employees and retain quality workers, reduce bad publicity and risk from government litigation. However, social responsibility can also harm the business by interfering in the quest of profit maximization. This usually occurs because socially responsible actions can carry a very high cost, paid by the businesses indulging in corporate social responsibility. Business Ethics Business owners frequently make decisions involving ethical considerations. Contrasting decisions are made in similar situations by different managers, depending on their particular moral development, individual characteristics and the culture of their organization. In the case of â€Å"Who To Lay Off?† a questions approach can be employed according to Robbins, Coulter, and Vohra (2008) to identify ethical considerations. If the business owner asks himself questions such as â€Å"have you defined the problem accurately?† Robbins, Coulter, and Vohra (2008,p.108) He can decide as to whether or not terminating an employee is the most ethical decision.

Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assessments - Essay Example Science is a vast field, as it includes different experimental aspects of study area. Designed assessments of science subjects contribute to measure the growth and understanding of the subject. Assessments enhance students' learning and help teachers identify what students know and what they can do with their knowledge (IMS.Ode, 2011). This paper aims to design an assessment program for science students, which will include processes and instruments integral for students' learning. The designed assessment will be applicable for students of grade 6 for their science subject. Before designing an assessment program for students it is consider highly important to identify specific requirements of efficient activities that help insight students' knowledge of the subject (Allen, 2006). Likewise, at first place this assessment program will focus on reducing stress from both teachers and students and before practicing planned assessments, all assessment processes, practices and instruments wi ll be checked to note down their validity, reliability, and transparency (Pianta, 2012). Undoubtedly, paper pencil examination method is a traditional one and it is successful too, but it cannot completely evaluate students’ understanding and knowledge of the subject (Wang, 2011). Since, science is a vast subject and it is compulsory to design such an assessment that could ensure achievement of subject value, practice, research and communication outcomes. Thus, this assessment will include different activities and tasks to target each of these aforementioned goals in terms of learning outcomes. For learning and gaining expertise in any particular subject it is always important to develop interest in the subject. In the beginning of the session science teacher will ask students to write an informal essay on the topic, â€Å"Reasons for Selecting Science as a Major Subject in the Future†. This technique will help students use their imaginative and thinking power, because while writing essay they will get chance to recognize importance of scientific studies and scope of the subject in the professional career (Haines, 2004). Additionally, teachers will also get an idea about each student’s interest and dedication for the subject. This will also help teacher to design final assessment activities more effectively with respect to students’ interest and choices (Haines, 2004). Moreover, in the same class after finishing written essay students will be encouraged to come forward and read out summary of their respective essays. With this approach, it could be predicted that some students might hesitate to come forward and present in front of the entire class, but it will be teacher’s responsibility to provide equal opportunity to each student within available time and appreciated them for their future planning (Tobey, 2005). It will help develop and improve communication and presentation skills of the students. Subject teacher is going to monitor all students throughout the terms, and for this purpose, it could be suggested that after explaining a topic one or two times. Class discussion of that particular topic should be conducted to assess what students have understood from the teacher’s lectures and how well they are able to interpret their understanding about the topic (Race, 2005). As this assessment process targets science subject students, therefore teacher will be more emphasizing on examples, from routine life. Furthermore, for homework students will be given an interesting activity such as, they will have to paste or draw pictures relevant to the topic studied in the class. Although, it seems primary level activity, but it is most appropriate way of developing students’ interest in the subject and engage them in activities related to the subject (Race, 2005).

Jury Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jury Selection - Essay Example Written by Neil Kressel, a social psychologist at New Jersey's William Paterson University, and his wife Dorit, a practicing attorney, this book provides an even-handed accounting of the methods and ethical issues of the phenomenon called jury consultancy and its possible implications for American justice. It provides a discussion regarding the use of jury consultants in sensitive matters such as race and answers the questions: What do jury consultants do Are their elaborate efforts to assist lawyers in the jury selection process by identifying attitudes, values, and would-be demographic predictors merely benign efforts to screen for biases that could jeopardize fair trials, as practitioners like to claim Scientific Jury Selection is a well-written volume that reviews the research and issues surrounding scientific jury selection. The authors examine the many factors and methods involved in this process and provide a balanced and comprehensive review of the literature as well as raise important scientific and ethical questions. Chapters review such factors as methods of acquiring information and applying those methods to the actual process of jury selection. The volume raises substantial issues about the accuracy and efficacy of the selection process, as well as its ethical and legal implications. In addition, it provides the basis for the psychological methods used. 4. A. Austin (1984). Complex Litigation Confronts the Jury System, 103-104. Greenwod Press, US. Austin provides a case study in which one could gain valuable insight into the workings of jury consultancy and provides an analysis and possible implications of the methods used thru the case study presented. 5. Leci, L., Snowden, J. and Morris, D (2004). "Using Social Science Research to Inform and Evaluate the Contributions of Trial Consultants in the Voir Dire." Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 4.2 (2004) 67-78 The authors argue that the jury selection methods commonly employed by trial consultants and lawyers in the voir dire process are fraught with problems because they do not employ standardized assessments. This commentary provides and advocates the advantages of employing standardized, reliable, and validated measures of pretrial juror bias to more effectively conduct the voir dire, and we delineate some of the methods by which this can be accomplished. 6. Lieberman, Joel D., and Bruce D. Sales (2007). "Overall Effectiveness of Scientific Jury Selection" in PsycINFO. Washington DC, US: American Psychological Association, 2007. Lieberman and Sales provides a discussion on matters of jury consultancy such as the Purpose and effectiveness of the Voir Dire, influence of demographic factors, influence of Personality and Attitudes, in-court questioning of prospective jurors and ethical and professional issues in Scientific Jury Selection. 7. Van Wallendael, Lori, and Brian Cutler (2004).

Chinese philosophy Essay Example for Free

Chinese philosophy Essay Confucius was born in 551-479 BC. His father died while Confucius was three years old. He was raised in a poor single mother family, during a time of civil unrest in china. Confucius is thought to be the first teacher and the one of most influential Chinese philosophers. After his death his teachings became the basis for Confucianism. Confucius believed that we’re naturally good, but it needs to be learned. People have to learn how to â€Å"cultivate the good and throw out the bad. Anything that is worth learning is must be practiced. He thought very highly of education hence one of his sayings â€Å"enrich them educate them†. Confucius focused on relationships, they were very important and every type of relationship should function a certain way. Some people say the Confucius is very similar to Socrates. Two of the main concepts of jen and li are considered basis of Confucianism. Jen is what makes you human, the ability to care, goodness, giving and â€Å"man-to-man-ness†. acting in this manor is highly revered in Confucianism considered human perfection. One must Have moral and ethical respect for human life, treat others with humanity and having self-esteem for one’s self. He believes that jen can be learned. Everyone can be â€Å"perfected† and it needs to be learned. Jen is the foundation of all relationships and it applies to not just one race but to everyone. Li is a guide to human interaction also the general guide to social order and in your life. Li plays the role of higher rung of natural law. For jen to exist society needs to have order. People need to be open with one another. Every action has an effect on someone else, there are limits to individuality. Confucius wanted to order the entire way of life, you shouldn’t be left to guess because you don’t know how to behave. Confucianism has had a huge affect on East Asian society and thinking. China used the Confucian philosophy as the basis for government for 300 years. Then in 1912 the government decided that the philosophy was the reason for why there country was being held back. There was a time when the Chinese government sought to destroy the philosophy by burning all of the books. Of course there attempt were futile. Confucianism also became the basis for government in Japan, Korea, Singapore, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. While Confucianism had a huge affect in East Asia I was unable to find anything about its affects on western culture. I like the idea of connectedness that Confucianism portrays. The idea that every action has an effect on some else is very true. I feel that in American society we have lost track of that, most of us are only out for ourselves because we are such an individualistic society. Confucius puts emphasis on the family unit; in fact more than half of his teachings about social relations pertain to families. I believe that a good family has a better chance at making better people. One possible negative is that In Confucianism there is a belief that relationships are more important than government law. Some people say that this can promote corruption and nepotism in the government. China has had these problems with their government. In Confucianism’s defense Singapore’s is considered one the the least corrupt countries on earth. I guess every philosophy isn’t perfect there are References China Confucianism: Life of Confucius, Influences, Development. (n. d. ). China Travel Agency with 24/7 Tour Service TravelChinaGuide. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http://www. travelchinaguide. com/intro/religion/confucianism/ Exploring Chinese History :: Culture :: Philosophy :: Confucianism. (n. d. ). ibiblio The Publics Library and Digital Archive. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http://www. ibiblio. org/chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c04s04. html The Eastern Philosophy Blog: he Main Concepts of Confucianism. (n. d. ). The Eastern Philosophy Blog. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from http://eastern-philosophy-and-meditation. blogspot. com/2009/01/he-main-concepts-of-confucianism. html APA formatting by BibMe. org. going to be a few things that people will disagree on.

Indian Magazine Industry And The Effect Media Essay

Indian Magazine Industry And The Effect Media Essay The print industry is the oldest of all forms in India. Though book publishing consists of a very small part of this industry but the major portion is held by newspaper and the magazine industry in terms of the revenue. The various reasons that have increased the growth of this industry are mainly the robust consumption and rising income levels of the people. This is a mature industry but every year new magazines have been launching. New titles to focus on Niche topics for a particular bunch of people (to cater to a particular audience) are launching heavily. The revenue source for a magazine is mainly subscription, single copy sales and advertising. The magazine industry is going through a tough phase in India just like in other countries. Newspapers have added supplements to their main issue and infringed on the content covered by magazines earlier. There is still a demand for high quality print content and magazines need to deliver on that need to avoid losing market share to othe r mediums. In addition, they also need to explore and distribute their content on the web and mobile platforms to give choice to their subscribers to consume content from anywhere and at any time. Literature review India has 49,000 publications, but annual revenues total just $1.1 billion. Most lack technology, marketing, and capital to grow which has resulted in a handful of publications dominating the market with the Times of India Group being the market leader. Distribution is critical for a magazine since it has to be readily available and marketed to consumers. Big publications have strong distribution network set up. With the growth coming from Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, magazines have to expand their distribution channel aggressively in those locations and localize content where needed. Trends in the Tech Magazine industry Multichannel: 24/7 Content Distribution. Print will still play a flagship role for most magazine enterprises, but there will be a continued drive to expand existing channels including print magazines and newsletters, digital magazines and e-newsletters, mobile, Web sites, blogs, pod casts, virtual events, video and many others. E-Publishing: Technology Forward: This new way of bringing the printed word to life has resulted in the creation of new software and hardware devices such as the Kindle (e-reader). Relevance is everything to consumers, and both emerging print-based and electronic technologies will continue to enable ever-higher levels of personalization at affordable costs. Content: Content is only growing in importance, and magazine publishers ability to generate targeted content will remain a huge asset in an information-hungry world. Magazines have discontinued supplements, which were earlier distributed free of cost with the main product. The print industry in India is highly fragmented due to the large number of local languages. Regional language publications own 46 percent of the market share, Hindi language publications cover 44 percent and the remaining 10 percent is served by English publications. The primary penetration of English language magazines currently is in metros and urban centres though the growth is widening to smaller cities as the education and income levels increase among the middle class. But also the Average issue readership numbers have been on a decline due to increased competition from free content on the Internet and Mobile platforms. The ad revenue sources are national, local, classified, pre-printed (inserts) and advertorials. The CPM rate for magazines is lower than television and the audience is more targeted. With the opening up of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy, several international publishers are aggressively entering the market and this trend is expected to continue. A slew of foreign players launched their India editions. The most notable magazine launched was Forbes India in May 2009 by Network18 and Forbes Media. RPG Groups Open, a weekly magazine aimed at evolved Indian readers who are well informed, well-travelled and identify themselves as global citizens. Pathfinder publishings maiden title Career 360, a monthly publication focusing on career advice. Technology Review, a technology magazine launched in India jointly by MITs Technology Review magazine and Cyber Media India Ltd. Hearst Corporations Harpers Bazaar, a fashion and beauty magazine in partnership with India Today. The re-launch of Delhi Press The Caravan, a fortnightly magazine that covers politics, culture, arts and literature. Images Groups FNL and Salon and Living etc., an Indian edition of international homes magazine. Gill India Communications What Women Want, a womans magazine for women aged between 20 and 45 years and Lifestyle Living, a lifestyle magazine dedicated to those with a creative lifestyle. The trend for foreign magazines to launch their India edition is expected to continue in 2010 as well, with BBCs Lonely Planet magazine having launched recently. Newspapers and publications have reduced the number of pages to cut print and production cost. Magazines have discontinued supplements, which were earlier distributed free of cost with the main product. Advertisement Revenue Breakdown by Region North: 23% South: 38% East: 9% West: 26% National: 4% Top 25 English Magazines in India India Today Readers Digest General Knowledge Today Competition Success Review Filmfare Wisdom Stardust Outlook Diamond Cricket Today Business Today Femina Competition Refresher Health Nutrition Auto Car Outlook Business Womans Era Business India Champak Outlook Traveller Business World Digit Society Frontline India Today is the highest read English magazine in the county with an AIR of 1,955,000, which is an 8.7 percent decline in its readership. Readers Digest has seen a 2.1 percent drop in its AIR and is now at 1,327,000. Stardust has slipped down the list with a 11.4 percent decrease. The current AIR is at 388,000. Diamond Cricket Today has an AIR of 378,000, which is a 5.5 percent decline. Competition Refresher has increased by 37.3% and its AIR is now at 335,000. The Week has dropped by 4.2 percent and the AIR is 322,000. Femina has dropped by 4 percent and now has an AIR of 309,000. Business Today has dropped by 12 percent in its AIR down to 287,000. Health Nutrition has an AIR of 250,000, which is a 11.3 percent decline. The Sportstar has seen 14.8 percent drop in its AIR and now stands at 242,000. Business India stands at 222,000, which is a 7.5 percent decline in its AIR. Womans Era has seen an AIR of 200,000, which is a 4.8 percent decline. Auto Car had a 13.1 percent growth to an AIR of 199,000. Champak has seen a 4 percent decrease with an AIR of 193,000. Business India has an AIR of 166,000, which is a decline of 18.6 percent. Business World has an AIR of 165,000. Outlook Traveller has seen an AIR of 146,000. Digit has seen a 5.8 percent decline. Society has seen a growth of 1.7 percent. Frontline has seen a 20.8 percent decline. Femina Girl saw a growth of 6.2 percent. Auto India like many others has seen a 18.7 percent decline in its AIR. P C Quest and Outlook Money have both seen a decline of 17.4 percent and 24.3 percent respectively. Business and Economy has seen a 6.5 percent growth with an AIR of 82,000. Inside Outside has seen a 17.3 percent while Cosmopolitan has seen a 61.4 percent growth. Overdrive has dropped by 23.7 percent. The Telegraph in Schools has grown by 72.5 percent with an AIR of 69,000. New Woman has seen a drop of 9.2 percent while Magic Pot has an AIR of 58,000. Time has seen a growth of 3.6 percent. Cine Blitz has dropped by 5.7 percent while Elle and Savvy have grown by 29.7 percent and 13 percent respectively. Top English Magazines by Segment Current Affairs, Culture Politics Outlook Society Women Femina India Today Plus Entertainment Filmfare Stardust Sports Sport Star ESPN Fashion Vogue (UK) Cosmopolitan Business Financial Capital Market (Stock Market) Business Today Computer Electronics PC Quest Travel Leisure Budget Travel Discover India Magazine Children Amar Chitra Katha Spiderman Competition Master Fashion Lifestyle Another Magazine M Magazine Literature Darpan India Star Discussion of the case Britains Haymarket Publishing Group already has ties to Autocar India, with 80,000 subscribers. Now, it can invest, provide funds to print more copies, market more strongly and use Autocar as a platform to bring its other brands. Bombays Tata Infomedia, a $30 million publisher of yellow pages and trade magazines, also has already started to solicit business with foreign companies. The Tata Group sold the Indian edition of Readers Digest magazine, making it the first publishing property offered for sale since the government had scrapped the ban on foreign investment in the print media. The opening up of the print media sector to foreign investment is a bold decision by the Government, considering the unwillingness of so many past Governments to do the same. It could enrich the quality of the magazines and other publications. Online advertising sells for far less per ad than printed ad space, therefore; promoting any company products or service online is much more preferable. This comes as no surprise considering the small physical size of most online ads when compared to print ads. It is important for tablet advertising to define a pricing model for their ads. Tablets have the ability to create much larger, unavoidable ads, similar to those seen in a printed magazine, with the addition of interactivity and multimedia. That being said, tablet price ranges could have the potential to be comparable to print advertisements. Though digital sales rise every year, print is still dominating the magazine industry. The Indian magazine sector has reached INR14.9 billion in 2009. The segments revenues increased at 7.2% y-o-y in the year 2009. Among the magazine companies surveyed, 73% of the respondents believed that magazine readership growth will continue to be driven by the metros and Indias 15 largest cities. Of the 20 most-read magazines in India, only 3 magazines are in English, while the remaining are in Hindi and other regional languages. English magazines however, garner the lions share of ad revenues. Alternate revenue streams such as events and digital delivery are gaining ground, and are expected to account for 20%-50% of total revenues within the next three years. Currently, the magazine segment may not yet have successful strategies and business plans in place to profitably monetize the digital space. Talking about the digital space we see that the E-book sales have accelerated rapidly since 2008, but only a small fraction of consumers currently read e-books. The market for media tablets, which consists of tablet computers (including Apples iPad) and electronic readers (including Amazons Kindle) exploded in 2010. In the first year of availability over 15 million tablet computers reached consumers. In addition, the size of the Indian electronic reader market almost doubled in size, surpassing 10 million units. By 2015, almost 200 million tablet computers are expected to be sold and consumers will use them to consume content that was previously found in printed books, magazines and newspapers. Although a large portion of consumers seem to enjoy reading magazines on an iPad, print still has a firmer hold on the magazine industry.While this study shows print magazines as an overall more enjoyable and popular method of conveying magazine content, portable tablets such as the iPad are showing huge potential. Another thing regarding price was the fact that a single issue for print and digital were the same. Consumers realize there is no paper, postage or ink costs involved with digital and are therefore not willing to pay as much for an iPad issue. While many enjoyed the tablet experience, overall opinions leaned toward print as their preferred method of obtaining magazine content. Conclusion Print media companies have made great efforts to capitalize on the migration of consumer eyeballs towards digital, and magazine publishers are no exception. Newspapers have already faced severe competition from online news sources, and the adoption of media tablets, especially tablet computers, will make browsing news websites and digital editions even more convenient for consumers and advertisers. One important factor regarding the two media is consumer accessibility. If a consumer does not own a tablet, they are not able to access a tablet magazine. Whereas anyone interested in reading a magazine can do so without hassle. This puts tablet magazines at a clear disadvantage to print in terms of consumer accessibility. According to the Apple Inc. website, the price of an iPad comes in at around $500 dollars (IPad). The amount of money put into an iPad is much steeper than only purchasing a print magazine; be it subscription or monthly. Print still has a significant lead on the consumer population. The conclusion finally is; although tablet magazines will take a portion of the magazine market, print still holds the majority of consumer interest. Firstly though, the iPad must become ubiquitous in order for its digital magazines to compete with the ubiquity of print. That means both the iPad Staughton 31itself as well as its digital magazines must drop in price. With the current popularity of print, programmatic design in tablets will need to be expanded upon; graphics, navigation, interactivity and physical experience must become significantly more appealing if it is to ever overthrow print. Until more sophisticated digital features are implemented into the iPad, tablet magazines will continue to be second to the print magazine industry.

Differences Between Traditional Mail And Electronic Mail Information Technology Essay

Differences Between Traditional Mail And Electronic Mail Information Technology Essay Introduction Electronic mail, better know as e-mail, is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network. E-mail has become a very important way of exchanging messages and files between coworkers, students and teachers, friends and family. People all over the world are using e-mail. Its fast and best of all its cheap! In this paper I will discuss differences between traditional mail and electronic mail. We will explore some of the ways businesses use email in the workplace. I will also discuss how teachers are integrating email into the classroom. Lastly, I will discuss a few electronic mail securities issues that everyone needs to be aware of. Email In The Work Place Over the years, people, especially businesses, have adopted email as their general form of day to day communication mostly because of its speed. Email communication has almost instant feedback. This makes email much more conversational than traditional paper mail or snail mail as it is commonly know today. With snail mail, writers and recipients are forced to wait days to complete communication. Yes, we have fax machines and telephones to speed up the process, but who wants the hassle when you can use email! Distribution List. If you have to send emails to a number of recipients on a routine basis, it can be a chore to have to type every persons email address over and over again. Group distribution lists make this job simple. Below are the steps to setup a distribution list in Microsoft Outlook. Access the email account where you wish to create the distribution list. Use the mouse to highlight the name(s) in the To and CC box. These names will be copied to the distribution list. To select multiple names, hold down the SHIFT button and highlight accordingly. Click EDIT and COPY. Click FILE, and then NEW. Next, click DISTRIBUTION LIST. Type in the name you want for the group. A distribution list can be labeled anything from My Staff to My Friends. Type the appropriate name into the NAME box. Click SELECT MEMBERS. Click on ADD TO DISTRIBUTION LIST. Next, right click PASTE or hold the CTRL and V button down at the same time. Open a new email message. Click on To. Choose your new distribution group. Compose and send an email. Organize Schedules Appointments. Whether you are a COE of a major company or the president of an extracurricular activity group in school email has all the features you need for scheduling and managing appointments, meetings, and tasks. Using Email calendar components, managers can schedule meetings and appointments, and assign tasks for the other members of the group. Emails also let you store miscellaneous information using notes. File Attachments. In some situations, a simple email message is not sufficient to get the required information to the recipient. In these cases, you may want to attach a file to your email message. Email allows you to attach almost any kind if file to your message. You may need to send a Word document, an Excel worksheet, a picture, or any number of file types. Email lets you do it all. EMAIL IN SCHOOLS Keypals. Email is a wonderful way for your class to connect with your students in another part of the country, or perhaps another part of the world. In addition to practicing their English writing skills, your students can learn, first hand, the geography, culture and language of their keypals. Web Mentors. Mentor programs often include lists of mathematics, scientists, historians, and other professionals who have generously volunteered to assist with class project. Homework Assignments. If all your students have regular access to individual e-mail accounts (lucky them!), you might want to distribute homework assignments or bonus questions using e-mail. Some teachers even make their email addresses available for homework questions. If you plan to use email to distribute assignments and questions, here are some tips that will make things run more smoothly: Make sure your students are email savvy. Before you send your first email assignment, spend a few classroom lessons on email basics. Let your students know the time and day that you will be sending the assignment so they know to check their mail. Be specific with your message subject title. Instruct your students to use the Reply to Sender button. This way you can sort your mail using the subject title that you have specified. EMAIL ETIQUETTE SPAM or Junk Mail. SPAM is the sending of unsolicited messages. Most people hate getting junk mail. It also slows down the networks and is generally a waste of valuable, limited resources. Businesses have found that junk mail is an easy and inexpensive way to send promotional material. Dont send unwanted email Flaming. Flaming is when someone uses all capital letters in a message. This usually means that the sender is yelling or angry. This can be very offensive. Remember, once you send an email message, you can not erase it or take it back. Messages may be saved, read by others, or even forward to others with out your knowledge. Internet Hoaxes Virus Myths. Dont be fooled by internet hoaxes and computer virus myths. Before you send your so called virus alert check with your IT department to see if its real. Dont open an attachment or click on a link in an email from some one you dont know. If the content email looks suspicious, but it is some one you know- dont open until you clarify with the sender first. It may be infected with a virus. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Email is a wonderful way to communicate with others. Email has become a very important way to communicate and share files with coworkers, students, friends, and family. Hopefully you have found some new and interesting ways to use email in the workplace, and in school. Also dont forget to use proper email etiquette and watch out for internet hoaxes when sending messages.

History, Literature, Anthropology: Contextualizing Human Meaning :: Essays Papers

History, Literature, Anthropology: Contextualizing Human Meaning As culture is â€Å"the product of human thought† (217), Cohn advocates â€Å"seeing how meanings are contextualized† to better interpret history and produce good scholarship (221). In keeping with this awareness of human thought, Anderson contextualizes â€Å"the cultural roots of nationalism† through the evolution of early American literature and print-language (7), relying heavily on the historical development of European literacy in developing a ‘national imagination.’ In doing so, Anderson’s analysis of nationalism reflects Cohn’s maxim, that â€Å"anthropology can became [sic] more anthropological in becoming more historical† (216). Through Anderson’s contextualizing of nationalism through historical literary trends, his anthropological scholarship is, by Cohn’s estimation, more true unto itself. Unearthing origins of national consciousness, Anderson examines the development of national memory through literacy and vernacularisms. Believing nationalism to be a cultural construct of political revolutions, merging social ideologies and a new emphasis on â€Å"national print-languages† (Anderson 46), Anderson declares that men challenged the sacredness of existing societies with new conceptions of land and nation through the circulation and spread of shared languages (Anderson 36). Driving a â€Å"wedge between cosmology and history† through Enlightenment discoveries, divinely ordained realities lost clout and â€Å"cultural artefacts of the eighteenth century† like individual human rights and personal sovereignty, translated from old world to new (Anderson 36). With new â€Å"languages-of-power† in fixating systems of speech, nations built self-identity, and men began to see themselves in â€Å"profoundly new ways† (Anderson 36). Cohn reasserts history and anthropology as dovetailing disciplines, whose scholarship exists outside of this time and yet rooted in common reality. Floating in imaginary lands of epistemology and printed research, good scholarship relies on a historian with â€Å"fewer sources and stouter boots† (Tawney, qted in Cohn, 221). Historians intrinsically

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter - Pearl as The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Pearl as The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a novel that shows the Puritanical way of life. Society does not accept the fact that Hester has committed the sin of adultery so they cast her out by making her wear a scarlet letter 'A' across her chest. Pearl is the product of Hester's sin, the scarlet letter is the product of society. This idea shows that Pearl is the scarlet letter and the scarlet letter is Pearl. There are many ways in which Pearl is shown to be as the scarlet letter because she is considered to be a part of nature, she is the physical connection between Dimmesdale and Hester, and Pearl is the reason that makes Dimmesdale and Hester to finally accept their sin and make their confession in front of society and the people within society. The reasons are listed in this manner because in the first one nature is a stronger force that human force, then comes her connection between Dimmesdale and Hester because she is the natural connection which is a link from the first on e to the second and also her being the reason Dimmesdale and Hester accepting the sin is last because there is a stronger connection between the child and the parents here which is linked from the previous reason. Pearl is a product of a natural act done by two human beings. This is the act of sex. But society considers it to be bad because there was no social contract between the parents to have that baby. But still its natural so it makes Pearl natural and cast out by society. Even her mother notices that it is society that seems to make Pearl the "evil" girl she is, "She knew that her deed had been evil; she could have no faith, therefore, that its result would be for good. Day after day she looked fearfully into the child's expanding nature; ever dreading to detect some dark and wild peculiarity, that could restore to the guiltiness to which she owed her being."( The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 86) Here what is depicted is that Pearl's evil is from her mother's "guiltiness". So if Hester has none of that guilt that came from society then she would naturally be a good girl. Also, Pearl seems to be connected to nature because there is some contact where Pearl has some kind of commun ication with Pearl.

“Catcher in the Rye”: Not a Bildungsroman Essay

Bildungsroman: a coming-of-age novel. Many critics and readers alike have argued that JD Salingers Catcher in the Rye is a superb example of a bildungsroman. The novel is a narration by Holden Caulfield, a troubled and mentally unstable sixteen year-old that has just been expelled from his fourth prep school. Holden, who is undergoing treatment in a mental institution, recounts the story of his mental breakdown and the events leading up to it. He concludes the story with brief hints at his recovery. Though one assumes that Holden is receiving and responding to treatment, his attitude and tone are unchanged throughout the novel. If the protagonist has not matured since story began, how can Catcher in the Rye be considered a bildungsroman?The novel opens with Holden carelessly tossing around the fact that he has been expelled from Pencey Prep (page 2). Though Holden has previously been kicked out of three other prestigious schools, he is completely apathetic about the situation. He has no drive; no concern or outlook for his future whatsoever. Even after everything that Holden experiences throughout Catcher in the Rye, his attitude is unchanged at the conclusion: and what school Im supposed to go to next fall, after I get out of here, but I dont feel like it. I really dont. That stuff doesnt interest me too much right now (page 213). That statement unequivocally proves that Holden has not matured at all. Contemptuous, bitter, judgmental: take your pick. Each word describes Holden to a tee; not just in the beginning, but throughout the entire narration. Holden is constantly judging everyone he comes into contact with. He speaks about Mr. Spencer (page 10), a professor at Pencey Prep, in the same patronizing tone that he describes a particular psychoanalyst with (page 213). Though the events take place several months apart, Holdens attitude is consistent. He continues to have a cynical, patronizing, and overall pessimistic outlook on people and life in general. If Holden is just as immature and mentally undeveloped at the end of the novel as he was at the beginning, how can one argue that he has come of age? Having a mental breakdown and needing treatment for said breakdown may very well be considered a rite of passage. However, to be considered a coming of age story, Holden would need to be changed for the better because of his  rite of passage. One can clearly tell from his consistency in tone, attitude, and maturity level (or lack thereof) that Holden has not changed in the least. Though many critics and readers alike have claimed Catcher in the Rye to be an excellent bildungsroman, there is certainly a strong argument to be made against this claim. â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† By JD Salinger (1951)Pamela Hunt Steinle (2000). In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Rye Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character. Ohio State University Press.

Online Education vs. Classroom

Adrienne Uy ENG 1050 – DC12M Informative Synthesis 11-7-12 Online Education versus the Classroom An education paves the road to success. From high-school, college, or on-the-job training, the classroom has been the traditional setting for teaching and learning. But nowadays that is rapidly changing. With technology at an advantage, more online schooling and training is taking place of the traditional classroom. Both public and online schools have its fair shares of advantages and disadvantages, but recent research suggests that online educational benefits outweigh that of regular schools and classrooms.Students find that an online education provides less pressure, the ability to concentrate better, and avoiding negative social interactions. While all that might be true, what about the aspects they miss? Examples may be friends, positive social interactions, and building social skills? Is online education really as effective as land based education? In the article, â€Å"Study Finds That Online Education Beats the Classroom† by Steve Lohr, he discusses studies that were conducted by SRI International for the Department of Education.The studies were done on kindergarten through 12th grade, in colleges and in continuing adult education, in both classrooms and online. From 1998 to 2008, 99 studies were conducted, that found that the online students testing scores ranked in the 59th percentile, while classroom students ranked in the 50th percentile. Their conclusion is that online education is more personalized to each individual student. (Lohr 1) In another article by Chris Ingalls, he reviews the same idea; that online public schools are the way to go.In Forks, Washington, the Quillayute Valley School District has had a major increase in online students. The town’s online high school is the Insight School of Washington. In the Insight School of Washington, there were just over 2,000 more online students than in the regular classrooms. Patrick Mayberry, a student at Insight says, â€Å"You are able to concentrate better than you can in an actual classroom. † (Mayberry 2) Mayberry enrolled at Insight to avoid bullies. As a result from his online education, his grades have improved. (Ingalls 1-4)Online education adheres well to college students and their busy lives. In the article, â€Å"Fast Facts About Online Education† by Terrence Loose, he gives some pertinent points why online education is the way to go. His first point is that some online degrees are quite popular and in demand. In December 2009, a study by a research and consulting firm for higher education called Edventures, conducted a study on the five bachelor degree programs with the most students enrolled. They are Bachelors in Nursing, Computer Information Technology, Criminal Justice, Education, and Business.Secondly, online education adheres well to college students and other adults. Having to study and work at one’s own pace and schedul e is great for the busy college student that works, has a family, or just wants to make their own schedule. His next pro is that employers are likely to hire, even with an online degree. He points out that the effort, time and discipline required for online degrees are just the same as that needed in the classroom. Furthermore, most online education uses the latest technology.This is important for students; to keep up with computers and software, as it is used in an array of careers. And lastly, even a master’s degree can be earned online. This is suitable for those students who want to pursue certain careers while working full-time or have other priorities, such as family. (Loose 1) The article, â€Å"Traditional Education vs. Online Education – Should You Switch? † by Ryan May, talks about undergraduates pursuing online education. According to the article, twenty percent of all undergraduates took at least one online course.Four percent of the undergraduates t ook the entire program online. This information is according to the National Center for Education Statistics. (May 1) May declares that a study by the NCES found that the ratio of online students to classroom students are 10-1. (May 1) May reports that there are four styles of online, or distance learning. The first is called Open Schedule Learning. Advantages of this style are that the work is given within a deadline, and students have the freedom to choose when and where to complete this work. The second is Blended Learning.It is similar to Open Schedule Learning, but with the requirement that students must communicate in some form such as online discussions or chat rooms. The third is called Computer Based Learning. It is such a style of learning that is similar to a classroom, but instead at the computer. Each session takes place at the computer at certain times, just like a classroom session would. The last is called Fixed Time E-Learning. This learning style allows the student to complete the assignments wherever they please, but must report online at a designated time. May 1) While online education has major advantages, there are some things it lacks as well. In a previously mentioned article by Terrence Loose, online education has some cons as well. A study that had the support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation suggests that more discipline is necessary from students. Some students are prone to becoming lazy given that online education allows them to make up their own schedule. In addition, online instructors are unwilling to teach because of the increased time and effort it requires. (Loose 1) In an article by David W.Morris, he tells of some key factors as to why an online education may not be efficient. Technology is an important one because many continuing education students and adults are not computer savvy. This would require getting familiar with the latest computers and software, which may be an entire class on its own. Reputation is another on e. Some online critics claim that online education lacks substance, given there is no face-to-face interaction with the professors, faculty, and students. There is also little support services offered when the student is not on campus.The reputation and credentials is also important given that some employers are likely to view an online degree as opposed to going to the institution itself. (Morris 1) Another article discusses why the classroom may be more beneficial than online learning. Cynthia Jones-Shoeman’s article titled, â€Å"Traditional Classroom vs. Online Learning† portrays some ideas on why the classroom may be more efficient. Having the technology itself, or being unfamiliar with the internet or computer software may be challenging for any grade; kindergarten through 12th grade, college and other adults.Some online schools even cost more than regular colleges, and may not provide the same financial aid. Students may become isolated too. Shy individuals may become shyer as a result of online learning. And it might be harder to seek help when the teacher isn’t readily available. Also, the chances of the student understanding the material is greater due to the fact that a teacher is present in the classroom. Social and interpersonal skills are built through the student to teacher interactions, and with peers. Self-discipline is also better taught in the traditional classroom setting. Jones-Shoeman 1) In his article, â€Å"Distance Learning Advantages and Disadvantages† Amit Kothial tells of some more reasons why the classroom education may be better than an online education. His first thought is that students who don’t bide well to their own time-management don’t make deadlines, and also have a harder time learning discipline and time management because there is no authority present. Learning online at home might provide distractions, such as television, other family members, or toys, especially for the younge r children.Testing might have to be done with an honest adult or other educators to ensure that there is no cheating involved. This may pose a problem for the younger students if the supervising adult cannot comply due to personal or family matters. And lastly, online learning is not for every learning style. Some students need an auditory or visual aide to help them in learning. Some need further instruction on how to perform a task, or a problem on an assignment; those which just are not provided with online learning. Kothial 1) It has been presented that there are quite a few advantages and disadvantages to both online education and the traditional classroom setting. While online education provides individuals the freedom to set their own pace and schedule, it can hinder others as they may not learn or possess good time management skills. The traditional classroom setting definitely provides positive teacher and peer social skill building, but other students may want to avoid soc ial interactions due to issues such as bullying.No matter the type of education a student is pursuing, classroom and online education both offer promising educations. What it really comes down to is the individual themselves, and what is best for them. Works Cited Ingalls, Chris. â€Å"Online Public Schools Produce Profits But Some Are Failing Students. † http. king5. com. November 1, 2011. Web. October 25, 2012. Jones-Shoeman, Cynthia. â€Å"Traditional Classrooms Versus Online Learning. † http. suite101. com n. d. November 10, 2009. Web. October 25, 2012. Kothial, Amit. â€Å"Distance Learning – Advantages and Disadvantages. † http. ezinearticles. om. n. d. June 23, 2009. Web. October 25, 2012. Lohr, Steve. â€Å"Study Finds That Online Education Beats The Classroom. † http. nytimes. com. n. d. August 19, 2009. Web. October 25, 2012. Loose, Terence. â€Å"Fast Facts About Online Education. † http. education. yahoo. net. n. d. Web. n. d. Oc tober 25, 2012. May, Ryan. â€Å"Traditional Education vs. Online Education – Should You Switch? † http. businessdictonary. com. n. d. Web. n. d. October 25, 2012. Morris, David W. â€Å"Pros And Cons Of Online Education For The World Citizen. † http. articlesbase. com. n. d. November 2, 2007. Web. October 25, 2012.

Indigenous Australian Philosophy Essay

While a variety of factors have shaped the diversity of Indigenous Australian philosophy and prac? ces across the Australian con? nent, one of the central characteris? cs of the Aboriginal worldview is the concept of the ‘Dreaming’. Outlinesomeofthekeyaspectsofthisbeliefsystemandre#ectonthisin comparison to your own worldview. THE DREAMING LAID DOWN THE PATH FOR THE ABORIGINAL WAY OF LIFE, AND IT DICTATES THEIR KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, LAW, BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIETAL CUSTOMS. IN AUSTRALIA, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT ABORIGINAL CLANS, EACH ABORIGINAL CLAN HAS THEIR OWN INTERPRETATION AND NAME FOR THE DREAMING. EVEN TODAY ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE CONNECTED TO THE DREAMING THROUGH THEIR BELIEFS AND RITUALS. WHILST ABORIGINAL SOCIETIES MAY SEEM COMPLICATED TO AN OUTSIDER THIS BEAUTIFUL CULTURE FOSTERS A SENSE OF BELONGING, RESPECT, HARMONY AND CONSERVATION. THREE ASPECTS OF THE DREAMING ARE THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS, KINSHIP TO RUWI AND RESPECT OF THE LAWS. THE DREAMING CONSISTED OF ANCESTRAL BEINGS WHO ROSE FROM THE EARTH AND WATER, THEN TRAVELLED THE LAND SCULPTING THE EARTH. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS TOOK ON THE FORMS OF HUMANS, ANIMALS, PLANTS AND EVEN COMBINATIONS OF THESE FORMS. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS CREATED THE PEOPLE, PLANTS, ANIMALS AND KINSHIPS BETWEEN THESE KEY. MANY OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE LAND CAN BE LINKED TO THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS, AND TO THE EVENTS PLAYED OUT DURING THE DREAMING PERIOD. THE ANCESTRAL BEINGS CREATED THE LAWS AND A PATH TO BE FOLLOWED FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. THESE LAWS MUST BE FOLLOWED IN ORDER TO ENSURE A BALANCE AND A CONTINUATION OF LIFE AND HARMONY. FURTHERMORE, ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE DEVOTED TO THEIR LAND. WATSON EXPLAINS THAT ABORIGINAL PEOPLE DO NOT SEE THE LAND AS A COMMODITY THAT CAN BE OWNED OR SOLD, P a g e | 2. THEY ARE A PART OF THEIR LAND, AND THEIR LAND HAS ITS OWN SPIRIT. ABORIGINAL PEOPLE LIVE A STABLE AND SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE AND ONLY TAKE FOOD THAT IS NEEDED. WHEN FOOD IS TAKEN FROM THE LAND, THEY MUST GIVE THANKS TO THE LAND AS A SIGN OF RESPECT. ABORIGINAL CLANS WERE SEPARATED BY THE DREAMING AND HAVE DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS AND LANGUAGES, SO THEY DO NOT HAVE TO FIGHT FOR LAND OR FOOD. ABORIGINAL RUWI IS MARKED BY GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES, WHICH CAN INCLUDE RIVERS, TREES, ROCKS AND PAINTINGS; THE PERIMETERS OF THE LAND ARE LEARNT THROUGH SONGS. THE DREAMING LAWS MADE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE CUSTODIANS OF THE LAND. THE LAWS DO NOT NEED TO BE WRITTEN DOWN AS THEY ARE LEARNED THROUGH THE LIVING OF THE LAWS. ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ARE GUIDED BY THEIR WAY OF LIFE THROUGH ELDERS, AND KNOWLEDGE PASSED DOWN FROM THE DREAMING. STORIES OF THE DREAMING ARE TAUGHT THROUGH ORAL STORIES, SONG, DANCE, RITUALS AND ART. THESE STORIES PASS ON THE IMPORTANT KNOWLEDGE, VALUES AND EXPECTED BEHAVIOURS. ABORIGINAL CHILDREN ARE TAUGHT THE DREAMING STORIES WHICH ARE APPROPRIATE TOR THEIR AGE. THESE STORIES SOCIALISE CHILDREN ON THE ABORIGINAL WAY OF LIFE. EDWARDS’S STATES THAT RELATIONSHIPS ARE ALSO DICTATED FROM THE DREAMING, THERE IS A COMPLEX KINSHIP ORDER AMONG ABORIGINAL PEOPLE. THIS ORDER DETERMINES A PERSON’S PLACE IN THEIR MOIETY. THIS KINSHIP SYSTEM ALSO DICTATES HOW FAMILY MEMBERS SHOULD BEHAVE TOWARDS OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS, WHICH HELP TO KEEP HARMONY AND AVOID CONFLICT. THE DIFFERENT PLACES WITHIN THE MOIETY ALSO DETERMINE A SUITABLE MARRIAGE PARTNER. FROM A WESTERN CIVILIZATION PERSPECTIVE, I ONLY KNOW MY IMMEDIATE FAMILY AND THE ABORIGINAL SYSTEM OF KINSHIP LEAVES ME FEELING THAT I MAY BE LACKING A GREATER SENSE OF SELF AND PURPOSE. YES, I CAN TRACE MY FAMILY’S GENEALOGY BACK HUNDREDS OF YEARS. THESE ARE NAMES ON PAPER WITH NO CONNECTION TO ME, AND I FEEL NO BOND TO THESE P a g e | 3 PEOPLE. THE ABORIGINAL SYSTEM OF KINSHIP FOSTERS A BOND TO EVERYTHING ON THIS LAND, WHICH CREATES A SENSE OF PURPOSE AND BELONGING. ANOTHER IMPORTANT POINT THAT WATSON IDENTIFIES IS THAT THE DREAMING LAW IS ABOUT LOVE, SHARING, RESPECT AND CARING AND THIS IS WHY THE LAND IS CONSERVED AND CARED FOR. I SENSE THAT WESTERN CULTURE NOW SEEMS TO BE BASED ON A SUPERFICIAL AND SELFISH EXISTENCE. I OBSERVE THAT WESTERN CULTURE IS FUELLED BY GREED, A DESTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE DEPLETING OF RESOURCES. I WONDER WHERE WE WOULD BE TODAY IF THE COLONISERS HAD LIVED IN HARMONY AND LEARNT FROM THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE ON HOW TO RESPECT AND CONSERVE RATHER THAN STEAL AND DEPLETE THE LAND. I FEEL WE MAY HAVE BECOME A BETTER SOCIETY FULL OF APPRECIATION AND WARMTH. THE ABORIGINAL PEOPLE HAVE A CULTURE THAT BINDS THEM TO THE LAND AND TO EACH OTHER. IT CREATES A SENSE OF PRIDE; RESPECT AND ORDER FOR THE WAY THINGS HAVE BEEN, ARE AT THE MOMENT AND WILL BE IN THE FUTURE. EVEN THOUGH THE DREAMING IS INTERPRETED UNIQUELY BY DIFFERENT ABORIGINAL GROUPS, IT HAS CONSERVED THEIR SOCIETIES AND GIVEN THEM BONDS THAT HAVE LASTED THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

Cultural Characteristics of India Essay

With more than half of the workforce being in agriculture, services however, is the biggest contributing factor the economic growth in India. The information technology (IT) sector is where most of the growth is taking place. Many companies in the United States are beginning to outsource their help desk and programming specialties to India where the labor is cheaper and there are an abundance of qualified individuals. In-fact many of the positions you see in IT are filled by people native to India simply because training for these specialties is limited in the U. S. For example, if you were looking to hire an Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) developer it is highly unlikely that you will find a U. S. citizen with these skill sets, and if you did the U. S. candidate would certainly be demanding more money. India’s ability to train highly qualified IT professionals and ability to provide cheaper labor will continue to contribute to their increase in economic growth. Ultimately, it is those cultural characteristics we have discussed in class that has led India to so much growth over the last decade. They are a collectivist society, with a large power distance and a different set of value orientations from our own. Higher education is of upmost importance, and often times, much more important than interpersonal relationships. This is evident of the fact that they place so much importance on one’s education and its correlation to family status when selecting a bride/groom in an arranged marriage. India is considered a large power distance culture because there is a clear hierarchy within the family, â€Å"the father rules authoritatively, followed by the eldest son and moving down the ladder by age and sex† (Neuliep, 2009. 9). Within the Indian culture the children are expected to be obedient and many Indian children feel that their parents really don’t understand what it is like to grow up in today’s diverse society. Indian parents constantly expect their children to go to the right schools, only converse with people who share the same cultural backgro unds and to marry within their own race and religion. There are many different religions in India which include: Muslim, Hindu, Christian and Sikh. In India, even though you may share the same ethnicity if you do not share the same religious beliefs, marriage is forbidden. In my research I have come across a common theme within the Indian culture, and that is that Indian parent’s love to gossip about everything; they constantly discuss who got into what school, and who is getting married to whom. It’s not to say that Indian parents don’t want what’s best for their children because they do. In the article Indian Parents and Societal Pressure the author Arti Nehru states, â€Å"The really sad part about all of this is that parents truly want their children to be happy. But they are unsupportive in many instances because they worry about ne thing: What will people say? † The Indian culture is more of a collectivist culture who has the tendency to stress the importance of a group over the importance of the individual. Neuliep confirms that, â€Å"In collectivist cultures, people are not seen as isolated individuals. People see themselves as interdependent with others their (e. g. , their ingroup), where responsibility is shared and accountability is collective. A person’s identity is defined by his or her group memberships† (Neuliep, 2009. Pg. 41). Most of their values come from their traditional beliefs, their religious devotion and their secular spirituality. It is these value orientations that shape the way the Indian culture communicates with individuals in their own culture as well as with individuals outside of their culture. Values can affect the way people communicate within their own culture and with people of different cultures. They are â€Å"evaluative beliefs that synthesize affective and cognitive elements to orient people to the world in which they live† (Mooney, 2001, 2828). The value orientation model is used to compare high-context cultures such as the Indian collectivist culture with low-context individualistic cultures such as the United States. It can be broken down into six different categories: self, family, society, human nature, nature, and supernatural. In a collectivist culture such as the Indian culture â€Å"self† refers to how one may view themselves in relationship to others, and can further be broken down into three different sub-categories: self-identity, age, and activity. In India self-identity would suggest that people value conformity and cooperation. In India people are â€Å"interdependent with others, and for them, responsibility and accountability are shared and divided among the group members. † (Neulip, 2009, 63-64). Age for a collectivist, high-context culture is admired when they are old and conversely, in an individualistic, low-context culture, age is admired when they are young. In a collectivist culture like India the people tend be very spiritual and believe that people should embrace life. The activity one performs on a daily basis is of less importance in a country like India. Whereas in the United States, activity ften refers to how people identify themselves through their activities such as their professions and occupations. Often times when Americans are asked who they are, they will answer with what they do for a living; indicating that they tend to associate who they are, with what they do. Family within a collectivist culture such as India tends to be more authoritative in nature. The â€Å"head of the household† will make the decisions rather than having everyone work together as a democracy when making decisions. In India, families are less mobile, and will always attempt to sit down together when eating dinner. There is often a strict hierarchy that is followed among family members with the man of the house being at the top. The men and women in Indian families have very different roles within the family, which coincide with one’s hierarchal power. The male of the house makes the decisions, provides for the family and the women often times make the meals at night and take care of the children. In Indi,a family is a very important concept and marriage is considered to be sacred and is meant to last a life time. The term â€Å"society† in India can be broken down into two categories: social reciprocity and group membership. According to Neuliep â€Å"social reciprocity refers to the mutual exchanges people make in their dealings with others† (65). In collectivist cultures like India, if one asks another for a favor it is expected that an equal exchange of favors will occur. In India, group membership is often a pervasive formality; they have a tendency to join only a few different groups over a life-time. In the United States membership in a group is usually short lived, whereas in India people are highly selective and group membership is usually a prolonged commitment. This idea of a prolonged commitment to a group stems from those same cultural values that marriage does. In India, they practice arranged marriages and it is considered a lifelong commitment that is viewed as sacred. What may seem strange to the youth in the United States is actually embraced by youth in India. Many children in India feel that it gives them the ability to focus on their youth, and their education without the distraction or worry that an adolescence relationship can bring to the picture. It is also said that the youth in India â€Å"feel secure in their parent’s ability to choose an acceptable partner for them, trusting that their parents have enough experience and knowledge to do so without creating a disastrous situation† (Galt, 2011, 2). Many cultures like India believe that when marriages are not pre-arranged they tend to burn out too quickly. They believe it is because the two people have already gotten to know each other, rather than spending a life-time together after marriage getting to know each other. Marrying a person you don’t know gives one a lifetime to learn to love them, as opposed to the American ideal of learning a person inside and out before entering into marriage† (Galt, 2011, 3). In the United States, many believe that the idea of an arranged marriage is something that is forced upon the two getting married. This however isn’t true, in India before a marriage can become official the bride and groom are afforded the opportunity to meet each other to decide if they would like to go forward with the marriage. You might be surprised to hear that any rejection to a proposed marriage rarely occurs, and more often than not the proposed bride and groom will go through with the wedding as planned. This is because the parents of the bride and groom do their due-diligence and will often times spend years looking for a suitable bride or groom. They spend countless hours meeting with the families and friends, â€Å"considering hundreds of different aspects and comparison points before the potential bride and groom ever meet each other† (Galt, 2011, 6). In many ways the Indian culture is different than our own, we have the tendency to be more of an individualistic culture while they tend be more collectivist. We are considered a low-context culture, while India is considered a high-context culture. We value or independence and look out for our own self-interests over that of the group. In India, they value the group over the individual and believe that if one fails, they all fail. Even though we may differ culturally we are still similar in many ways, the biggest being our level of diversity; we are both comprised of many different values, ethnicities, and religious beliefs.

'Tort Law gives unjustified preference to corrective justice over Essay

'Tort Law gives unjustified preference to corrective justice over distributive justice.' Critically evaluate this statement - Essay Example Some scholars like Coleman (1994) have argued that the nature of the law of torts favors the corrective ends, whereas others like Konow (2003) as well as Wolf and Musselman (1990) argues that there is a need for the law of torts to strike a balance between the distributive and the corrective ends of the law. Not withstanding the foregoing controversial debates, the law of torts tends to lean its balance more towards the corrective end than the distributive ends. Tort Law: Basic Features The term â€Å"tort† is a word that is derived from Latin word â€Å"tortum†, to mean â€Å"injustice â€Å"or wrong. The law of tort therefore proceeds from recognition of the fact that some acts in society may be unjust and therefore needs to be corrected through the law. According to Coleman (1994), a tort may be defined to mean â€Å"a wrongful act that causes injury to a person or property and the law allows for a claim by the injured party to be compensated for damages.† S ome of the generic labels that have been associated with torts include â€Å"breach of duty† although this is just on of the major concepts in the law of torts. The law of tort has no absolute formulas through which questions are resolved. Both the legal scholars and the judiciary have pointed out emphatically the facts that the law of torts is a complex process that is never mechanically applied nor is it static; rather it often depends on circumstances of the case, and that as time elapses, more and more torts get discovered (Blomqiuist [1990]; Koestler V. Pollard [199]); Patel [200]). The tortseeks to reflect the balance the society seeks to strike between competing values. The facts in the case in question determine the right decision. For instance, automobile drivers are made liable to the injuries that they cause as they carry out their duty but only if the injury results from their fault or negligence. On the other hand, manufactures take the liability of the injuries stemming from their defective products, the reasonable care they might have taken not withstanding. Most individual torts require that fault be shown on the defendant’s part. More often, the extent of the defendant’s fault will form the basis of the liability that the defendant bears to the plaintiff. This is the case with torts such as negligence, defamation, nuisance and trespass. However, within the law of torts there are also cases of strict liability torts where the defendant will not be required to prove fault on the part of the defendant; it will suffice for purposes of tortious remedies against the defendant that the plaintiff suffered damage and that the damage was occasioned by an action or omission of the defendant (strict liability torts).Generally, at common law, the strict liability torts are restricted to activities that are hazardous. There is also Liability for Defective Products Act, 1991 which creates strict liabilities on manufacturers with regard s to health sustained by consumers of their products. The principle function of the law of tort is to establish weather there is an offence and if there is to come up with a remedy. At common law, damages are the most widespread remedy. In such a judgment, the defendant is normally required to offer financial compensation to the

Asset Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asset Pricing - Essay Example The Modus operandi of the Hedge Fund has also been described to be different from other forms of funding i.e. mutual funds owing to the fact that it involves an investment in liquid assets, provision of leverage (Tran, 2006). Moreover, economic research has determined that the Hedge Fund operates in a dynamic and diverse market through various financial instruments and modes of investment. In this regard, the name the Hedge Fund was arrived at taking into consideration the hedging styles that were earlier applied. However, the current modes of operation of the Hedge Funds do not necessarily involve the use of hedging methods (Tran, 2006). Currently there are two main types of the Hedging Funds, they include: â€Å"The Credit Suisse Equity Market Neutral Hedge Fund Index† and the â€Å"Credit Suisse Global Macro Hedge Fund Index†. ‘Credit Suisse Equity Market Neutral Hedge Fund Index’ has been described as a sub-branch of the Hedge Fund Index that has facilitated efforts of measurements directed towards determining the level of performance ascribed to Equity Neutral Funds. Moreover, it is perceived as a benchmark for asset-weighing process (http://www.managedfunds.org/hedge-fund-investors, n.da). The Corpus of Credit Suisse facilitated the development of a wide range of innovative strategies for asset-weighing such as the investable indices as well as investment tracking portfolios. On the other hand, the ‘Global Hedge Fund Macro Hedge Fund Index‘ is a sub-branch of the Credit Suisse Hedge Fund Index that is applied to assess the global performance of funds on macro level. The concept of Global Macro-funds involves a focus directed towards identification of extreme price values through the application of a leverage approach. The leverage approach is specifically applied to project the movement of prices, currency, commodity markets as well as the rates of interests (Milner, 2001). Most investors of the global hedge fund

Federalism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Federalism - Coursework Example Although federalism has the virtue of retaining local pride, power and traditions, it allows the central government to handle common problems as provided in the Tenth Amendment (Dye, 2010). The American federalism shapes the public policymaking by providing distinct role for the state and central government. However, policymaking is a complicated exercise that requires engagements, debates, deliberations and actions to pass laws and develop programs to address the needs at hand (Samuels,  2003). During a crisis, both the federal and state government acts in accordance with the given rules. However, the American constitution is ambiguous in detail the specific duties of the state government and emphasizes the role of the central government that surpasses its enumerated powers. Therefore, the federal and state policy makers should understand that each state has its constitutional limits that demand a direct intervention of the federal government. In short, the state government has the priority to implement policies to control a state crisis (Dye, 2010). Nonetheless, the federal government can make policies that assist the state to manage a crisis if the situation gets out-of-hand in terms of the geographical area or financial

Costing Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Costing Principles - Essay Example A cost purpose is an action or product for that the total or unit cost is to be computed. A cost objective may be the product manufactured or the service delivered, or it may be a department, a course, or a function, all of that are referred to as cost centers. The cost axis is the least unit for that costs are mounted up for reporting and analytical functions. Organisations whose products or batches of products are treated as individual jobs use job-order costing systems. Airplane producers and parts suppliers for large manufacturing Organisations, such as tool and die shops, are examples of the users of this system. Organisations use process-costing systems with homogeneous products such as crude oil, chemicals, and grains. Both job-order and process costing systems function to build up unit costs of production, but since of the inherent disparities in the physical characteristics of the products the two methods vary. Standard costing systems absorb standard direct materials, standard direct labor and standard company overhead into production costs. Standard costs are estimated costs that may have a close relationship with budgeted costs. Standard costing systems are widely used by manufacturing organisations. (Shank, 1993, 32-33) The official statement of generally accepted accounting principles, demands that the assessment of inventories by manufacturing firms for external reporting include the full cost, that is, direct materials, direct labor and total company overhead. This system of product costing is called absorption costing or full-absorption costing. (Antos, 1998, 13-14) GAAP also requires that for external reporting actual costs should be used except where the estimated costs are not materially different from actual costs. Direct Costing Direct costing differs from full-absorption costing only in regard to one category of costs, fixed company overhead. Direct costing includes direct materials, direct labor, and variable overhead in the product costs. Fixed company overhead is charged directly to the accounting period. Ending inventory, therefore, never includes any fixed overhead. This system of costing has not been approved for external reporting purposes by GAAP, but may be used for internal purposes. Activity-Based Costing A management tool named activity - based costing (ABC) has turn out to be one of the more extensively clinch of new management styles over the period of the last ten years. Though its nucleus lies in cost accounting, ABC has engrossed the consideration of business managers in general, and has been the focus of researches in the Harvard Business Review and Fortune. Not simply is it a foremost subject matter in business, it has been accepted in parts of government like USA, such as the Department of Defense and the IRS. What commenced as effectively an

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 3

Business plan - Essay Example a leading bank in the United Kingdom which offers start-up loans to the tune of  £ 25000.00 for young self-employed people who intend to start a business. We have applied for the same and are eligible for the loan. We shall be using these funds for initial start-up expense as well as carrying out day-to-day expenses. This loan will be for the period of 1 year after which we intend to request the bank for an overdraft facility1 (HSBC.co.uk, 2013) I like to believe that I’ve reached a stage where I can’t let ANYTHING outside my own self responsible for my negative states. Nothing in the external environment is 100% negative. Every situation, however bad, has it’s lessons n gifts. It’s up to me to make use of any circumstance in a beneficial way We are under negotiations for the purchase of a commercial property located at 12, Regent Street, Leeds, LS6 (RIGHTMOVE.co.uk, 2013). This property will cost us  £ 4,50,000. We intend to carry out further renovation and interiors to the tune of  £ 2,50,000. The property is located is front-facing to the main road leading to Headingley Stadium and has immense potential for a restaurant business. Ensure the building is classified under class A3 category which involves use of sale of food or drink for consumption on the premises (UK Statutory Instrument 1987 No. 764, Town & Country Planning Order 1987). Agusto’s is planned to be a casual restaurant-cum-lounge targeting the varied class of people staying in Leeds. Leeds also happens to be a student city; From our research we found that people aged between 17 to 25 visits a restaurant every weekend. One of our main objectives is to provide nutritiously high-value meal at a comparatively low cost. Marketing Budget: We intend to allocate about 2 % of the start-up cost for the purpose of marketing. We mostly intend to depend on word-of-mouth publicity. We will be spending most of our budget on print media and discount coupons. We intend to do our advertising in the